{ "schema_version": 1, "generated_at": "2026-10-05T00:00:00Z", "publisher": "Terenval", "editorial_policy": "https://wallet.terenval.com/editorial-policy/", "methodology": { "intent_rule": "Answers target solve, compare, decide and research intent rather than glossary-definition intent.", "answer_rule": "Neutral direct answer first; first-party Terenval context later and clearly labeled.", "sources": "Primary protocol/specification or authoritative product/security documentation.", "localization": "Each topic ships as an indexable EN/RU pair with self-canonical and reciprocal hreflang." }, "articles": [ { "content_id": 21, "priority": "P1", "intent": "safety", "cluster": "security-scams", "title": "How Can You Tell a Fake Crypto Wallet App from a Real One?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/how-to-tell-fake-crypto-wallet-app-from-real/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/how-to-tell-fake-crypto-wallet-app-from-real/index.md", "ru_title": "Как отличить поддельное приложение криптокошелька от настоящего?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/how-to-tell-fake-crypto-wallet-app-from-real/", "primary_query": "how to tell fake crypto wallet app from real", "direct_answer": "Treat a crypto wallet as untrusted until you verify it through the wallet project's official domain and documentation. Check the exact URL, publisher, install source and requested permissions; be especially suspicious of ads, direct messages or support agents that send you a wallet link. A legitimate wallet may ask for a recovery phrase during a deliberate restore/import workflow, but it should not ask you to submit the phrase to support, a form, a faucet or a random website.", "source_urls": [ "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/ive-been-hacked-scammed-unauthorized-transactions-on-my-account", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/wallet-and-hardware/", "https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/what-know-about-cryptocurrency-scams", "https://wallet.terenval.com/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 22, "priority": "P1", "intent": "safety", "cluster": "security-scams", "title": "What Is Clipboard Hijacking in Crypto and How Do You Prevent It?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/clipboard-hijacking-crypto-prevention/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/clipboard-hijacking-crypto-prevention/index.md", "ru_title": "Что такое clipboard hijacking в криптовалюте и как от него защититься?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/clipboard-hijacking-crypto-prevention/", "primary_query": "crypto clipboard hijacking how to prevent", "direct_answer": "Clipboard hijacking happens when malicious software monitors copied data, detects a crypto address and replaces it with an attacker-controlled address. The transaction you sign can be technically valid while paying the wrong recipient. Reduce the risk by using a clean device, installing wallets from verified sources and comparing the pasted destination with the trusted original before signing. For a large transfer, send a small test amount and verify the destination again before the final payment.", "source_urls": [ "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/wallet-and-hardware/clipboard-hacking/", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/wallet-and-hardware/address-poisoning-scams/", "https://support.metamask.io/configure/accounts/how-to-view-your-account-details-and-public-address/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 23, "priority": "P1", "intent": "safety", "cluster": "security-scams", "title": "What Is Address Poisoning and How Can It Trick Crypto Wallet Users?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/address-poisoning-crypto-wallet-users/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/address-poisoning-crypto-wallet-users/index.md", "ru_title": "Что такое address poisoning и как он обманывает пользователей криптокошельков?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/address-poisoning-crypto-wallet-users/", "primary_query": "what is crypto address poisoning", "direct_answer": "Address poisoning is a scam in which an attacker creates an address that resembles one you previously used and causes that lookalike address to appear in your transaction history, often through a tiny or zero-value transfer. The attacker hopes you will later copy the poisoned address from history and send funds to it. The defense is to obtain the destination from a trusted source and verify the full or sufficiently distinctive address, not just the first and last few characters.", "source_urls": [ "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/wallet-and-hardware/address-poisoning-scams/", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/wallet-and-hardware/", "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/accounts" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 25, "priority": "P1", "intent": "safety", "cluster": "security-scams", "title": "How Do Token Approval Scams Drain Crypto Wallets?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/token-approval-scams-drain-wallets/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/token-approval-scams-drain-wallets/index.md", "ru_title": "Как token approval scams опустошают криптокошельки?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/token-approval-scams-drain-wallets/", "primary_query": "how token approval scams drain crypto wallets", "direct_answer": "ERC-20 approvals let a token owner authorize a spender contract to use tokens through an allowance. A malicious dApp can trick a user into approving a large or unlimited allowance; the attacker can later use `transferFrom` through the authorized spender to move those tokens without asking for a new approval each time. The seed phrase can remain secret while the approved token is still exposed. Review the spender, token and allowance before signing and revoke suspicious approvals on-chain.", "source_urls": [ "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20", "https://support.metamask.io/more-web3/learn/how-to-revoke-smart-contract-allowances-token-approvals/", "https://ethereum.org/reports/trillion-dollar-security/", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/safety-in-web3/what-is-a-token-approval/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 26, "priority": "P1", "intent": "safety", "cluster": "security-scams", "title": "How Do Fake Crypto Wallet Support Scams Work?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/fake-crypto-wallet-support-scams/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/fake-crypto-wallet-support-scams/index.md", "ru_title": "Как работают мошенники под видом поддержки криптокошелька?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/fake-crypto-wallet-support-scams/", "primary_query": "fake crypto wallet support scam", "direct_answer": "Fake wallet support scams impersonate a wallet, exchange or project representative and try to obtain a seed phrase, private key, remote device access or a signed transaction. The scam often starts after the victim publicly asks for help, receives an unsolicited direct message or searches for support and lands on a counterfeit page. Legitimate troubleshooting does not require you to give support your recovery phrase. Verify support channels from the project's official website and keep recovery material private.", "source_urls": [ "https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/what-know-about-cryptocurrency-scams", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/ive-been-hacked-scammed-unauthorized-transactions-on-my-account", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/wallet-and-hardware/", "https://wallet.terenval.com/info/security/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 29, "priority": "P1", "intent": "safety", "cluster": "security-scams", "title": "What Should You Do If Your Seed Phrase Is Exposed?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/seed-phrase-exposed-what-to-do/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/seed-phrase-exposed-what-to-do/index.md", "ru_title": "Что делать, если seed-фраза стала известна постороннему?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/seed-phrase-exposed-what-to-do/", "primary_query": "what to do if seed phrase exposed", "direct_answer": "If a seed or recovery phrase has been exposed to another person, website, malware or untrusted device, treat every account derived from it as compromised. Create a fresh wallet with new recovery material on a clean, verified device and move remaining assets through normal signed transactions. Stop using the old seed afterward. Changing the local wallet password, deleting an app or creating another account under the same compromised seed does not remove the attacker's knowledge of the keys.", "source_urls": [ "https://bips.dev/39/", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/ive-been-hacked-scammed-unauthorized-transactions-on-my-account", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/fighting-back-against-sweeper-bots/", "https://support.metamask.io/manage-crypto/move-crypto/transfer/account-migration-guide/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 31, "priority": "P1", "intent": "solve", "cluster": "transactions-fees", "title": "How Do You Find Your Crypto Wallet Address Safely?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/find-crypto-wallet-address-safely/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/find-crypto-wallet-address-safely/index.md", "ru_title": "Как безопасно найти адрес своего криптокошелька?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/find-crypto-wallet-address-safely/", "primary_query": "how to find crypto wallet address safely", "direct_answer": "Open the wallet, choose the exact blockchain/network, select Receive and copy the public address or QR code shown for that account. Verify the address after copying and make sure the sender will use the same network. A receive address is public information and can be shared for payment; a private key, seed phrase or recovery backup must never be shared as an “address.”", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/accounts", "https://support.metamask.io/configure/accounts/how-to-view-your-account-details-and-public-address/", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/wallet-and-hardware/clipboard-hacking/", "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 34, "priority": "P1", "intent": "learn", "cluster": "transactions-fees", "title": "What Is a Transaction Hash or TXID and How Do You Use It?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/transaction-hash-txid-how-to-use-it/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/transaction-hash-txid-how-to-use-it/index.md", "ru_title": "Что такое transaction hash или TXID и как им пользоваться?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/transaction-hash-txid-how-to-use-it/", "primary_query": "what is transaction hash TXID how to use", "direct_answer": "A transaction hash, often called a TXID, is a cryptographic identifier for a blockchain transaction. Wallets, exchanges and block explorers use it to refer to the same on-chain event. Copy the hash from the sending wallet or exchange, open an explorer for the exact network and search for the hash to inspect status, block inclusion, sender, recipient, value and fee-related details. A TXID is public information; it does not contain your seed phrase or private key.", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/transactions/", "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/", "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html", "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/payment_processing.html" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 36, "priority": "P1", "intent": "troubleshooting", "cluster": "transactions-fees", "title": "Why Is My Crypto Transaction Still Pending?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/why-is-my-crypto-transaction-still-pending/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/why-is-my-crypto-transaction-still-pending/index.md", "ru_title": "Почему моя криптотранзакция всё ещё в статусе pending?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/why-is-my-crypto-transaction-still-pending/", "primary_query": "why is my crypto transaction still pending", "direct_answer": "A crypto transaction can remain pending because it is still waiting for block inclusion, the fee is unattractive relative to current network demand, an earlier Ethereum transaction with a lower nonce is blocking later transactions, or a wallet/RPC service has not refreshed yet. First verify the exact network and transaction hash in a reliable block explorer. Do not send the same payment again until you know whether the original transaction is merely pending, failed, replaced or already confirmed.", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/transactions/", "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/gas/", "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559", "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/payment_processing.html" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 39, "priority": "P1", "intent": "solve", "cluster": "transactions-fees", "title": "Should You Send a Small Test Transaction Before a Large Crypto Transfer?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/should-you-send-small-test-transaction-before-large-transfer/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/should-you-send-small-test-transaction-before-large-transfer/index.md", "ru_title": "Нужно ли делать маленький тестовый перевод перед крупной криптотранзакцией?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/should-you-send-small-test-transaction-before-large-transfer/", "primary_query": "should I send a test transaction before large crypto transfer", "direct_answer": "Yes, when fees and minimums make it practical, sending a small test transaction before a large crypto transfer is one of the simplest ways to reduce address and network-selection risk. Wait for the test to arrive on the expected network, verify the transaction hash and recipient, then repeat the same verified route for the larger amount. A test does not prove a dApp or token contract is safe, and it does not protect against clipboard malware if the destination changes between the test and final transfer.", "source_urls": [ "https://help.coinbase.com/en/exchange/crypto-transfers/withdraw-funds", "https://support.metamask.io/stay-safe/protect-yourself/wallet-and-hardware/clipboard-hacking/", "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/transactions/", "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/payment_processing.html" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 45, "priority": "P1", "intent": "troubleshooting", "cluster": "transactions-fees", "title": "What Does ‘Insufficient Funds for Gas’ Mean?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/insufficient-funds-for-gas-meaning/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/insufficient-funds-for-gas-meaning/index.md", "ru_title": "Что означает ошибка ‘Insufficient Funds for Gas’?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/insufficient-funds-for-gas-meaning/", "primary_query": "insufficient funds for gas meaning", "direct_answer": "“Insufficient funds for gas” means the account cannot cover the native network asset required to execute the transaction. On Ethereum the gas asset is ETH; on BNB Smart Chain it is BNB; on many Ethereum L2 networks gas is also paid in ETH. Holding USDT, USDC or another token does not automatically provide gas. Check the selected network, native-asset balance, transaction value and estimated fee before retrying.", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/gas/", "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/transactions/", "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 49, "priority": "P1", "intent": "compare", "cluster": "transactions-fees", "title": "Why Are Crypto Fees Different on Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base and BNB Smart Chain?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/crypto-fees-ethereum-arbitrum-base-bnb-chain/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/crypto-fees-ethereum-arbitrum-base-bnb-chain/index.md", "ru_title": "Почему комиссии отличаются в Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base и BNB Smart Chain?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/crypto-fees-ethereum-arbitrum-base-bnb-chain/", "primary_query": "Ethereum vs Arbitrum Base BNB Chain fees difference", "direct_answer": "Fees differ because Ethereum Mainnet, Ethereum L2s such as Arbitrum and Base, and BNB Smart Chain have different blockspace markets, execution/settlement designs, congestion levels and fee components. Ethereum users pay for Mainnet execution directly; L2 users pay L2 execution plus costs associated with posting/settling data to Ethereum; BNB Smart Chain has its own validator/blockspace economy. Compare the same action at the same time and include bridge/withdrawal costs before declaring a route cheaper.", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/gas/", "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1559", "https://docs.arbitrum.io/how-arbitrum-works/gas-fees", "https://docs.base.org/base-chain/network-information/network-fees", "https://docs.bnbchain.org/bnb-smart-chain/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 52, "priority": "P1", "intent": "learn", "cluster": "bitcoin", "title": "Bitcoin Address Types Explained: Legacy, SegWit and Taproot", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/bitcoin-address-types-legacy-segwit-taproot/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/bitcoin-address-types-legacy-segwit-taproot/index.md", "ru_title": "Типы Bitcoin-адресов: Legacy, SegWit и Taproot", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/bitcoin-address-types-legacy-segwit-taproot/", "primary_query": "bitcoin address types legacy segwit taproot", "direct_answer": "Bitcoin Mainnet addresses commonly appear as Legacy P2PKH addresses beginning with `1`, P2SH addresses beginning with `3`, native SegWit v0 addresses beginning with `bc1q`, and Taproot/SegWit v1 addresses beginning with `bc1p`. Newer formats can improve transaction efficiency or enable newer script capabilities, but compatibility depends on the sending service and wallet. Never convert an address manually; use the exact receive address produced by the wallet and verify that the sender supports it.", "source_urls": [ "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html", "https://bips.dev/173/", "https://bips.dev/350/", "https://bips.dev/84/", "https://bips.dev/86/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 57, "priority": "P1", "intent": "solve", "cluster": "bitcoin", "title": "How Long Does a Bitcoin Transaction Take to Confirm?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/how-long-bitcoin-transaction-to-confirm/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/how-long-bitcoin-transaction-to-confirm/index.md", "ru_title": "Сколько времени подтверждается Bitcoin-транзакция?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/how-long-bitcoin-transaction-to-confirm/", "primary_query": "how long does Bitcoin transaction take to confirm", "direct_answer": "A Bitcoin transaction receives its first confirmation when a miner includes it in a block. Bitcoin targets an average block interval of roughly ten minutes, but individual blocks can arrive much sooner or much later. Whether your transaction gets into the next block also depends on its fee rate and mempool competition. Therefore “10 minutes” is a useful average, not a guaranteed confirmation deadline.", "source_urls": [ "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/payment_processing.html", "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html", "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/block_chain.html" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 64, "priority": "P1", "intent": "learn", "cluster": "ethereum-l2-tokens", "title": "Why Does the Same Ethereum Address Work on Multiple EVM Networks?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/same-ethereum-address-multiple-evm-networks/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/same-ethereum-address-multiple-evm-networks/index.md", "ru_title": "Почему один и тот же Ethereum-адрес работает в разных EVM-сетях?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/same-ethereum-address-multiple-evm-networks/", "primary_query": "why same ethereum address on multiple EVM networks", "direct_answer": "An externally owned Ethereum-style account is derived from a private key and public key, not from a specific EVM chain ID. EVM-compatible networks can therefore recognize the same 0x account address for the same key. However, Ethereum, Base, Arbitrum, BNB Smart Chain and other networks maintain separate balances, nonces, contracts and transaction histories. Using the same address does not merge those chains.", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/accounts", "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-155", "https://docs.base.org/base-chain/api-reference/ethereum-json-rpc-api/eth_chainId", "https://docs.arbitrum.io/arbitrum-bridge/quickstart" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 68, "priority": "P1", "intent": "troubleshooting", "cluster": "ethereum-l2-tokens", "title": "Why Is a Token Missing from My Wallet Even Though the Blockchain Shows It?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/token-missing-from-wallet-blockchain-shows-it/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/token-missing-from-wallet-blockchain-shows-it/index.md", "ru_title": "Почему токен не виден в кошельке, хотя блокчейн его показывает?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/token-missing-from-wallet-blockchain-shows-it/", "primary_query": "token missing from wallet but blockchain shows it", "direct_answer": "A token can be present at your blockchain address but missing from a wallet UI because the wallet is on the wrong network, has not auto-detected that contract, its token indexer/RPC is delayed, or the asset is filtered as unknown/spam. Verify the address on the correct network explorer and confirm the exact token contract from an authoritative source. Do not import or interact with an unknown token merely because an explorer shows a balance.", "source_urls": [ "https://support.metamask.io/manage-crypto/tokens/what-to-do-when-your-balance-of-tokens-is-incorrect/", "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20", "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/accounts" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 74, "priority": "P1", "intent": "solve", "cluster": "ethereum-l2-tokens", "title": "How Do You Move ETH from Ethereum Mainnet to an L2?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/move-eth-ethereum-mainnet-to-layer-2/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/move-eth-ethereum-mainnet-to-layer-2/index.md", "ru_title": "Как перевести ETH из Ethereum Mainnet в L2?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/move-eth-ethereum-mainnet-to-layer-2/", "primary_query": "how to move ETH from Ethereum to L2", "direct_answer": "You can move ETH from Ethereum Mainnet to an L2 either through a bridge that supports the exact source/destination pair or by withdrawing ETH from an exchange directly to the supported L2. For a bridge, connect the wallet on Ethereum Mainnet, choose the target L2, review amount and fees, sign the source-chain transaction and wait for the destination balance. Verify the bridge domain, destination network and expected asset before signing; switching networks in a wallet alone does not move ETH.", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/guides/how-to-use-a-bridge/", "https://ethereum.org/layer-2/", "https://docs.arbitrum.io/arbitrum-bridge/quickstart", "https://wallet.terenval.com/info/supported-networks/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 91, "priority": "P1", "intent": "compare", "cluster": "ethereum-l2-tokens", "title": "USDT vs USDC: What Is the Difference for Wallet Users?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/usdt-vs-usdc-for-wallet-users/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/usdt-vs-usdc-for-wallet-users/index.md", "ru_title": "USDT и USDC: в чём разница для пользователя кошелька?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/usdt-vs-usdc-for-wallet-users/", "primary_query": "USDT vs USDC difference wallet users", "direct_answer": "USDT is issued by Tether and USDC is issued by Circle. Both are designed to track the U.S. dollar, but they are separate tokens with different issuers, contracts, supported networks, redemption infrastructure and risk profiles. In a self-custody wallet, the most important operational checks are the exact blockchain, token contract and gas asset. Do not treat “USDT” or “USDC” as a single balance that moves automatically between networks.", "source_urls": [ "https://www.circle.com/usdc", "https://www.circle.com/bridged-usdc", "https://tether.to/en/supported-protocols/", "https://tether.to/en/faqs/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 94, "priority": "P1", "intent": "research", "cluster": "ethereum-l2-tokens", "title": "What Is the Cheapest Network for Sending Stablecoins?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/cheapest-network-for-sending-stablecoins/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/cheapest-network-for-sending-stablecoins/index.md", "ru_title": "Какая сеть дешевле всего для отправки стейблкоинов?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/cheapest-network-for-sending-stablecoins/", "primary_query": "cheapest network for sending stablecoins", "direct_answer": "There is no single network that is always cheapest for sending USDT or USDC. Compare the total route at the time of transfer: sender withdrawal fee or source gas, on-chain transfer fee, destination gas, recipient/exchange support, token contract and any bridge cost needed before or after the payment. Low-fee EVM/L2 networks can be much cheaper than Ethereum Mainnet for a simple transfer, but a cheap transfer is useless if the recipient does not accept that exact network or token representation.", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/gas/", "https://www.circle.com/usdc", "https://www.circle.com/bridged-usdc", "https://tether.to/en/supported-protocols/", "https://l2fees.info/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 109, "priority": "P1", "intent": "research", "cluster": "dapps-defi", "title": "How Do You Evaluate Smart Contract Risk Before Using a DeFi App?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/evaluate-smart-contract-risk-before-using-defi-app/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/evaluate-smart-contract-risk-before-using-defi-app/index.md", "ru_title": "Как оценить риск smart contract перед использованием DeFi-приложения?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/evaluate-smart-contract-risk-before-using-defi-app/", "primary_query": "how to evaluate smart contract risk DeFi", "direct_answer": "Evaluate a DeFi app by verifying its official domain and deployed contracts, understanding who can upgrade or pause the system, reading current audits and incident history, checking liquidity/economic assumptions, and reviewing exactly what your wallet is asked to approve. An audit is useful evidence, not a guarantee. Limit exposure by using small initial amounts and separating experimental dApp activity from long-term savings.", "source_urls": [ "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/smart-contracts/security/", "https://ethereum.org/reports/trillion-dollar-security/", "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20", "https://docs.openzeppelin.com/upgrades-plugins/proxies" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 151, "priority": "P1", "intent": "learn", "cluster": "dapps-defi", "title": "What Is WalletConnect and How Does It Connect a Wallet to a dApp?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/what-is-walletconnect-and-how-it-connects-wallet-to-dapp/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/what-is-walletconnect-and-how-it-connects-wallet-to-dapp/index.md", "ru_title": "Что такое WalletConnect и как он подключает кошелёк к dApp?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/what-is-walletconnect-and-how-it-connects-wallet-to-dapp/", "primary_query": "what is WalletConnect how does it work", "direct_answer": "WalletConnect lets a compatible dApp propose a session to a wallet. The wallet shows the requested chains, accounts, methods or permissions, and the user decides whether to approve the session. Once connected, the dApp can send supported requests to the wallet, but signatures and on-chain transactions still require wallet-side handling and user review. WalletConnect is a transport/session protocol; it does not make the dApp itself trustworthy.", "source_urls": [ "https://github.com/WalletConnect/walletconnect-docs/blob/main/docs/walletkit/web/usage.mdx", "https://github.com/WalletConnect/walletconnect-docs/blob/main/docs/walletkit/android/usage.mdx", "https://support.metamask.io/more-web3/learn/how-to-revoke-smart-contract-allowances-token-approvals/", "https://wallet.terenval.com/info/security/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 156, "priority": "P1", "intent": "solve", "cluster": "dapps-defi", "title": "How Do You Revoke Token Approvals After Using a dApp?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/revoke-token-approvals-after-using-dapp/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/revoke-token-approvals-after-using-dapp/index.md", "ru_title": "Как отозвать token approvals после использования dApp?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/revoke-token-approvals-after-using-dapp/", "primary_query": "how to revoke token approvals dapp", "direct_answer": "To revoke an ERC-20 token approval, identify the correct network, token and spender, then use a trusted approval-checker or block-explorer allowance tool to submit a transaction that reduces the allowance—typically to zero. Because the allowance is blockchain state, revocation is also an on-chain transaction and requires gas. Disconnecting the wallet from the dApp is not the same as revoking the allowance.", "source_urls": [ "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-20", "https://support.metamask.io/more-web3/learn/how-to-revoke-smart-contract-allowances-token-approvals/", "https://ethereum.org/reports/trillion-dollar-security/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 171, "priority": "P1", "intent": "solve", "cluster": "exchange-workflows", "title": "How Do You Withdraw Crypto from an Exchange to a Self-Custody Wallet?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/withdraw-crypto-from-exchange-to-self-custody-wallet/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/withdraw-crypto-from-exchange-to-self-custody-wallet/index.md", "ru_title": "Как вывести криптовалюту с биржи на self-custody кошелёк?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/withdraw-crypto-from-exchange-to-self-custody-wallet/", "primary_query": "how to withdraw crypto from exchange to self custody wallet", "direct_answer": "Open the receive screen in your self-custody wallet, select the exact asset and network, copy the destination address, then choose the same supported network on the exchange before confirming the withdrawal. Verify the address after pasting, review the exchange withdrawal fee and minimum, and use a small test withdrawal when practical. Do not assume that the same ticker or the same-looking EVM address means every network is compatible.", "source_urls": [ "https://help.coinbase.com/en/exchange/crypto-transfers/withdraw-funds", "https://ethereum.org/developers/docs/transactions/", "https://developer.bitcoin.org/devguide/transactions.html", "https://wallet.terenval.com/info/supported-networks/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 191, "priority": "P1", "intent": "troubleshooting", "cluster": "recovery-migration", "title": "Why Does My Wallet Show Zero Balance After I Restore the Seed Phrase?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/zero-balance-after-restoring-seed-phrase/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/zero-balance-after-restoring-seed-phrase/index.md", "ru_title": "Почему после восстановления seed-фразы кошелёк показывает нулевой баланс?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/zero-balance-after-restoring-seed-phrase/", "primary_query": "wallet zero balance after restoring seed phrase", "direct_answer": "A restored wallet can show zero even when the seed phrase is correct because the wallet may be deriving a different account, using a different Bitcoin address scheme, missing the original BIP39 passphrase, displaying the wrong network, or failing to auto-detect a token. First compare known public addresses from the old wallet or transaction records. Do not enter the seed into random “recovery” websites to search for funds.", "source_urls": [ "https://bips.dev/39/", "https://bips.dev/32/", "https://bips.dev/44/", "https://support.metamask.io/manage-crypto/tokens/what-to-do-when-your-balance-of-tokens-is-incorrect/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" }, { "content_id": 194, "priority": "P1", "intent": "solve", "cluster": "recovery-migration", "title": "How Do You Move a Self-Custody Wallet to a New Phone?", "url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/move-self-custody-wallet-to-new-phone/", "markdown_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/answers/move-self-custody-wallet-to-new-phone/index.md", "ru_title": "Как перенести self-custody кошелёк на новый телефон?", "ru_url": "https://wallet.terenval.com/ru/answers/move-self-custody-wallet-to-new-phone/", "primary_query": "how to move crypto wallet to new phone", "direct_answer": "First verify that you have the correct recovery backup and any required additional passphrase. Install the wallet on the new phone only from its official source, use the legitimate restore/import flow, then compare known public addresses and on-chain balances before relying on the new device. Keep the old phone intact until the new wallet is verified. You normally do not need to send every asset on-chain if you are restoring the same wallet keys.", "source_urls": [ "https://bips.dev/39/", "https://bips.dev/32/", "https://bips.dev/44/", "https://wallet.terenval.com/info/security/" ], "last_reviewed": "2026-10-05" } ] }